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More broadly, the novel examines the role of truth and facts within politics and the ways in which they are manipulated. Orwell, a democratic socialist, modelled the totalitarian government in the novel after Stalinist Russia and Nazi Germany.
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Thematically, it centres on the consequences of totalitarianism, mass surveillance and repressive regimentation of people and behaviours within society. It was published on 8 June 1949 by Secker & Warburg as Orwell's ninth and final book completed in his lifetime. Nineteen Eighty-Four (also stylised as 1984) is a dystopian social science fiction novel and cautionary tale written by the English writer George Orwell.
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